- (Topic 5)
The pediatrician has diagnosed tinea capitis in an 8- year-old girl and has placed her on oral griseofulvin. The nurse should emphasize which of these instructions to the mother and/or child?
Correct Answer:
D
(A) Giving the drug with or after meals may allay gastrointestinal discomfort. Giving the drug with a fatty meal (ice cream or milk) increases absorption rate. (B) Griseofulvin may alter taste sensations and thereby decrease the appetite. Monitoring of food intake is important, and inadequate nutrient intake should be reported to the physician. (C) The child may experience symptomatic relief after 48–96 hours of therapy. It is important to stress continuing the drug therapy to prevent relapse (usually about 6 weeks). (D) The incidence of side effects is low; however, headaches are common. Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and anorexia may occur. Dizziness, although uncommon, should be reported to the physician.
- (Topic 1)
Which of the following procedures is necessary to establish a definitive diagnosis of breast cancer?
Correct Answer:
D
(A) Diaphanography, also known as transillumination, is a painless, noninvasive imaging technique that involves shining a light source through the breast tissue to visualize the interior. It must be used in conjunction with a mammogram and physical examination. (B) Mammography is a useful tool for screening but is not considered a means of diagnosing breast cancers. (C) Thermography is a pictorial representation of heat patterns on the surface of the breast. Breast cancers appear as a ??hot spot?? owing to their higher metabolic rate. (D) Biopsy either by needle aspiration or by surgical incision is the primary diagnostic technique for confirming the presence of cancer cells.
- (Topic 3)
Following a vaginal delivery, the postpartum nurse should observe for:
Correct Answer:
D
(A) Dystocia is difficult labor. The delivery has occurred. Kraurosis is atrophy and dryness of skin and any mucous membrane (vulva). (B) Chadwick??s sign is a bluish color of vaginal mucosa suggestive of pregnancy. (C) Fatigue is a common symptom in the postpartal period. Hemorrhoids may occur with pregnancy. (D) Hemorrhage and infection are potential complications of vaginal delivery. Hemorrhage may result from retained placental fragments or soft uterus. Infection may occur from the introduction of organisms into the uterus during the delivery.
- (Topic 3)
At 32 weeks?? gestation, a client is scheduled for a fetal activity test (nonstress test). She calls the clinic and asks the RN, ??How do I prepare for the test I am scheduled for??? The RN will most likely inform her of the following instructions to help prepare her for the test:
Correct Answer:
D
(A) An IV line is not started in a nonstress test, because this test is used as an indicator of fetal well-being. This test measures fetal activity and heart rate acceleration. (B) The bladder does not have to be full prior to this test. It is not a sonogram test where a full bladder enables other structures to be scanned. (C) It has been proved that eating or drinking liquids prior to the test can assist in increasing fetal activity. (D) Any maternal activity will interfere with the results of the test.
- (Topic 4)
A 47-year-old client comes to the emergency department complaining of moderate flank, abdominal, and testicular pain with nausea of 4 hours?? duration. After physical examination and obtaining the client??s history, the physician suspects urethral obstruction by calculi. The nurse realizes that the physician will order which one of the following diagnostic studies to best confirm the diagnosis?
Correct Answer:
C
(A) Cystoscopy is an endoscopic procedure that uses an instrument (a cystoscope) to visualize the internal bladder and ureter structures and to capture and remove an obstructing stone. (B) Kidney, ureter, bladder x-ray is used to outline gross structural changes in the kidneys, ureter, and bladder and will determine the general location of a stone. (C) An intravenous pyelogram with excretory urogram is used to visualize the kidneys, kidney pelvis, ureters, and bladder. This procedure is used specifically to determine whether urethral obstruction is partial or complete; it shows the exact location of the stone and dilation of the ureter above the stone. (D) Ureterolithotomy is a surgical procedure in which the ureter is incised and the stone is manually removed because the stone is unable to pass through the ureter independently.
