What is test oracle?
Correct Answer:
C
A test oracle is a mechanism or principle that can be used to determine whether the observed behavior or output of a system under test is correct or not1. A test oracle can be based on various sources of expected results, such as specifications, user expectations, previous versions, comparable systems, etc2. References: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL) v4.0 Syllabus, Section 1.2.1, Page 91; ISTQB Glossary of Testing Terms, Version 4.0, Page 332.
For a mandatory input field "ZIP code" the following rules are given:
1 - The valid ZIP code format is 5 numeric digits.
2 - The code has to exist in the post office's official ZIP code list
Using equivalence classes partitioning, how many test cases are required to test this field?
Correct Answer:
D
Equivalence classes partitioning is a technique that divides the input data and output results of a software component into partitions of equivalent data. Each partition should contain data that is treated in the same way by the component. Equivalence classes partitioning can be used to reduce the number of test cases by selecting one representative value from each partition. For the ZIP code field, there are four equivalence classes based on the given rules:
✑ Valid ZIP code format and valid ZIP code value (e.g., 12345)
✑ Valid ZIP code format and invalid ZIP code value (e.g., 99999)
✑ Invalid ZIP code format and valid ZIP code value (e.g., 1234)
✑ Invalid ZIP code format and invalid ZIP code value (e.g., ABCDE) Therefore, four test cases are required to test this field, one for each equivalence class. Verified References: [A Study Guide to the ISTQB® Foundation Level 2018 Syllabus - Springer], Chapter 4, page 37-38.
The following 4 equivalence classes are given:
Which of the following alternatives includes correct test values for x. based on equivalence partitioning?
Correct Answer:
D
✑ The question is about selecting the correct test values for x based on equivalence partitioning. Equivalence partitioning is a software test design technique that divides the input data of a software unit into partitions of equivalent data from which test cases can be derived. In this case, the given equivalence classes are:
Option D provides a value from each of these partitions:
✑ For (x \leq -100), it gives -1000.
✑ For (-100 < x>✑ For (100 \leq x < 1000>✑ For (x \geq 1000), it gives 1500.
So, option D covers all four given equivalence classes with appropriate values. References: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL) v4.0 documents available at ISTQB and ASTQB.
✑ 1: ISTQB Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 38
✑ 2: ISTQB Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 39
✑ : ISTQB Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 40
Which of the following is NOT a product risk?
Correct Answer:
C
Problems in defining the right requirements is not a product risk, but rather a project risk. A product risk is a risk that affects the quality or performance of the software product itself, such as poor usability, failure-prone functionality, security vulnerabilities, compatibility issues, etc. A project risk is a risk that affects the management or delivery of the software project itself, such as unrealistic schedule, insufficient resources, unclear scope, changing requirements, etc. The other options are examples of product risks, as they relate to the software product’s characteristics or features. Verified References: A Study Guide to the ISTQB® Foundation Level 2018 Syllabus - Springer, page 12.
Which of the following is NOT a common objective of testing?
Correct Answer:
C
Debugging the software to find the reason for defects is not a common objective of testing, but rather a task of development or maintenance. Debugging is a process of locating and fixing errors in the software code, while testing is a process of finding and reporting defects in the software behavior or quality. Testing does not aim to fix defects, but rather to provide information on their existence and impact. The other options are common objectives of testing. Finding defects in the software is one of the main objectives of testing, as it helps to improve the quality and reliability of the software. Preventing defects is another objective of testing, as it helps to avoid rework and reduce costs and risks. Providing information on the status of the system is another objective of testing, as it helps to support decision making and risk management. Verified
References: A Study Guide to the ISTQB® Foundation Level 2018 Syllabus - Springer, page 3.
